Internal erosion or piping, especially in earthen dams ( Teton Dam).Human, computer or design error ( Buffalo Creek Flood, Dale Dike Reservoir, Taum Sauk pumped storage plant).Poor maintenance, especially of outlet pipes ( Lawn Lake Dam, Val di Stava dam collapse).Sliding of a mountain into the reservoir ( Vajont Dam – not exactly a dam failure, but caused nearly the entire volume of the reservoir to be displaced and overtop the dam).Geological instability caused by changes to water levels during filling or poor surveying ( Malpasset Dam).
Dam failures are comparatively rare, but can cause immense damage and loss of life when they occur. Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir over or through which water flows, either intermittently or continuously, and some have hydroelectric power generation systems installed.ĭams are considered "installations containing dangerous forces" under international humanitarian law due to the massive impact of a possible destruction on the civilian population and the environment. Ī dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, that directs or slows down the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundments. Between the years 20 more than 200 notable dam failures happened worldwide. Catastrophic failure of dam barrier by uncontrolled release of water The reservoir emptying through the failed Teton Dam Ruins of the dam of Vega de Tera (Spain) after breaking in 1959.Ī dam failure or dam burst is a catastrophic type of structural failure characterized by the sudden, rapid, and uncontrolled release of impounded water or the likelihood of such an uncontrolled release.
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